Publications

David Hernandez-Solarte, Leif Schröder
RF Heating Effects in CEST NMR with Hyperpolarized 129Xe Considering Different Spin Exchange Kinetics and Saturation Schemes
ChemPhysChem preprint (2025) doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202401037

Obaid Mohiuddin, Henri de Maissin, Andrey N Pravdivtsev, Arne Brahms, Marvin Herzog, Leif Schröder, Eduard Y Chekmenev , Rainer Herges, Jan-Bernd Hövener, Maxim Zaitsev, Dominik von Elverfeldt, Andreas B Schmidt:
Rapid in situ carbon-13 hyperpolarization and imaging of acetate and pyruvate esters without external polarizer
Commun Chem. 7(1):240 (2024) doi: 10.1038/s42004-024-01316-

Philip Saul, Leif Schröder, Andreas B. Schmidt, Jan-Bernd Hövener:
Nanomaterials for hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging
WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 15(4): e1879 (2023) [doi: 10.1002/wnan.1879]

Jan Oliver Jost and Leif Schröder:
Improving HyperCEST Performance by Favorable Xenon Exchange Conditions in Liposomal Nanocarriers
NMR Biomed. 36(6): e4714 (2023) [doi: 10.1002/nbm.4714]

Patrick Werner, Patrick Schuenke, Oxana Krylova, Heike Nikolenko, Matthias Taupitz, Leif Schröder:
Investigating the Role of Sulfate Groups for the Binding of ^Gd3+ Ions to Glycosaminoglycans with NMR Relaxometry
ChemMedChem, 17(13): e202100764 (2022) [doi: 10.1002/cmdc.202100764]

Jabadurai Jayapaul, Sanna Komulainen, Vladimir V. Zhivonitko, Jirí Mareš, Chandan Giri, Kari Rissanen, Perttu Lantto, Ville-Veikko Telkki, and Leif Schröder:
Hyper-CEST NMR of metal organic polyhedral cages reveals hidden diastereomers with highly diverse guest exchange kinetics
Nat. Commun. 13(1): 1708 (2022) [doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29249-w]

Hen-Amit Morik, Patrick Schuenke, Leif Schröder:
Rapid Analytical CEST Spectroscopy of Competitive Host-Guest Interactions using Spatial Parallelization with a Combined Approach of Variable Flip Angle, Keyhole and Averaging (CAVKA)
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 24: 12126 - 12135 (2022) [doi: 10.1039/D2CP01099B]

Patrick Werner, Matthias Taupitz, Leif Schröder, Patrick Schünke:
An NMR Relaxometry Approach for Quantitative Investigation of the Transchelation of Gadolinium Ions from GBCAs to a Competing Macromolecular Chelator
Scientific Reports, 11: 21731 (2021) [doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00974-4]

Jakob Jordan, Gergely Bertalan, Tom Meyer, Heiko Tzschätzsch, Anton Gauert, Helge Herthum, Leif Schröder, Jürgen Braun, Anja Heeren-Hagemann, Ingolf Sack:
Microscopic multifrequency MR elastography for mapping viscoelasticity in zebrafish
Magn. Reson. Med. 87(3): 1435-1445 (2022) [doi: 10.1002/mrm.29066]

Olga Breitkreuz-Korff, Christian Tscheik, Giovanna del Vecchio, Sophie Dithmer, Wolfgang Walther, Andrea Orthmann, Hartwig Wolburg, Reiner F. Haseloff, Leif Schröder, Ingolf E. Blasig, Lars Winkler:
M01as a novel drug enhancer for specifically targeting the blood-brain barrier
J.Control. Release 338: 137-148 (2021) [doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.014]

Sharif Ullah, Vladimir V. Zhivonitko, Anatoliy Samoylenko, Artem Zhyvolozhnyi, Sirja Viitala, Santeri Kankaanpää, Sanna Komulainen, Leif Schröder, Seppo Vainio and Ville-Veikko Telkki:
Identification of extracellular nanoparticle subsets by nuclear magnetic resonance
(highlighted as cover article)
Chem. Sci 12: 8312-8319 (2021) [doi: 10.1039/D1SC01402A]

Martin Kunth, Christopher Witte, Leif Schröder:
Mappingof Absolute Host Concentration and Exchange Kinetics of Xenon Hyper-CEST MRI Agents
Pharmaceuticals 14(2): 79 (2021) [doi: 10.3390/ph14020079]

Martin Kunth, Leif Schröder:
BindingSite Exchange Kinetics Revealed Through Efficient Spin-Spin Dephasing of Hyperpolarized ^129Xe
(highlighted as cover article)
Chem. Sci., 12(1): 158-169 (2021) [doi: 10.1039/D0SC04835F]

Jabadurai Jayapaul, Leif Schröder:
Molecular Sensing with Host Systems for Hyperpolarized ^129Xe
Molecules 25(20): 4627 (2020) [doi: 10.3390/molecules25204627]

Jabadurai Jayapaul, Leif Schröder:
Probing Reversible Guest Binding with Hyperpolarized ^129Xe-NMR: Characteristics and Applications for Cucurbit[n]urils
Molecules 25(4): 957 (2020) [doi: 10.3390/molecules25040957]

Matthias Schnurr, Ines Volk, Heike Nikolenko, Lars Winkler, Margitta Dathe, Leif Schröder:
Functionalized Lipopeptide Micelles as Highly Efficient NMR Depolarization Seed Points for Targeted Cell Labelling in Xenon MRI
Adv. Biosystems 4(3): 1900251 (2020) [doi: 10.1002/adbi.201900251]

Jabadurai Jayapaul, Leif Schröder:
Nanoparticle-based Contrast Agents for ^129XeHyperCEST NMR and MRI Applications
Contrast Media Mol. Imaging; Article ID: 9498173 (2019) [doi: 10.1155/2019/9498173]

Alexander Ziegler, Christian Bock, Darlene R. Ketten, Ross W. Mair, Susanne Mueller, Nina Nagelmann, Eberhard D. Pracht, Leif Schröder:
Digital three-dimensional imaging techniques provide new analytical pathways for malacological research
Amer. Malac. Bull. 36(2): 248-274 (2018) [doi: 10.4003/006.036.0205]

Jabadurai Jayapaul, Leif Schröder:
Complete Generation of a ^129XeBiosensor on the Solid Support by Systematic Backbone Assembly
Bioconjugate Chem. 29(12): 4004-4011 (2018) [doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00814]

Martin Kunth, George J. Lu, Christopher Witte, Mikhail Shapiro, Leif Schröder:
Protein Nanostructures Produce Self-Adjusting Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast through Physical Gas Partitioning
ACS Nano, 12: 10939-10948 (2018) [doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04222]

Matthias Schnurr, Roymon Joseph, Alissa Naugolny-Keisar, Dana Kaizerman-Kane, Nils Bogdanoff, Patrick Schünke, Yoram Cohen, Leif Schröder:
High exchange rate complexes of ^129Xewith water-soluble pillar[5]arenes for adjustable magnetization transfer MRI
ChemPhysChem, 20: 246-251 (2019) [doi: 10.1002/cphc.201800618]

Arash Farhadi, Gabrielle Ho, Martin Kunth, Bill Ling, Anupama Lakshmanan, George Lu, Raymond W. Bourdeau, Leif Schröder, Mikhail G. Shapiro:
Recombinantly Expressed Gas Vesicles as Nanoscale Contrast Agents for Ultrasound and Hyperpolarized MRI
AIChEJournal, 64(8): 2927-2933 (2018) [doi: 10.1002/aic.16138]

Jörg Döpfert, Matthias Schnurr, Martin Kunth, Honor May Rose, Andreas Hennig, Leif Schröder:
Time-resolved Monitoring of Enzyme Activity with Ultrafast Hyper-CEST Spectroscopy
Magn. Reson. Chem. 56(7): 679-688 (2018) [doi: 10.1002/mrc.4702]

Boyd M. Goodson, Bryce Kidd, Jan-Bernd Hövener, Leif Schröder, Thomas Theis, Nicolas Whiting, Eduard Y Chekmenev:
NMR Spectroscopy and Techniques: Hyperpolarization for Sensitivity Enhancement
Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Third Edition, 168-181 (2019) [doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.14072-7]

Anupama Lakshmanan, George J. Lu, Arash Farhadi, Suchita P. Nety, Martin Kunth, Audrey Lee-Gosselin, David Maresca, Raymond W. Bourdeau, Melissa Yin, Judy Yan, Christopher Witte, F. Stuart Foster, Leif Schröder, Mikhail G. Shapiro:
Preparation and Noninvasive Imaging of Biogenic Gas Vesicle Nanostructures
Nature Protocols 12(10): 2050-2080 (2017) [doi: 10.1038/nprot.2017.081]

Anna Piontek, Christopher Witte, Honor May Rose, Miriam Eichner, Jonas Protze, Gerd Krause, Jörg Piontek, Leif Schröder:
AcCPE-based Xenon Biosensor for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Claudin-expressing Cells
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci, 1397: 195-208 (2017) [doi: 10.1111/nyas.13363]

Danila A Barskiy, Aaron M Coffey, Panayiotis Nikolaou, Dmitry M. Mikhaylov, Boyd M. Goodson, Rosa T Branca, George J. Lu, Mikhail G. Shapiro, Ville-Veikko Telkki, Vladimir V. Zhivonitko, Igor V. Koptyug, Oleg G. Salnikov, Kirill V. Kovtunov, Valerii I Bukhtiyarov, Matthew S. Rosen, Michael J. Barlow, Shahideh Safavi, Ian P. Hall, Leif Schröder, Eduard Y. Chekmenev:
NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques of Gases
(highlighted as cover article)
Chem. Eur. J. 23(4): 725-751 (2017) [doi: 10.1002/chem.201603884]

Sergey Korchak, Wolfgang Kilian, Leif Schröder, Lorenz Mitschang:
Design and Comparison of Exchange Spectroscopy Approaches to Cryptophane-Xenon Host-Guest Kinetics
J.Magn. Reson. 265: 139-145 (2016) [doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.02.005]

Matthias Schnurr, Jagoda Sloniec-Myszk, Jörg Döpfert, Leif Schröder, Andreas Hennig:
Supramolecular Assays for Mapping Enzyme Activity by Displacement-Triggered Change in Hyperpolarized ^129XeMagnetization Transfer NMR
Angew. Chem. Int. ed. 54: 13444-13447 (2015) [doi: 10.1002/anie.201507002]

Martin Kunth, Christopher Witte, Andreas Hennig, Leif Schröder:
Identification, Classification, and Signal Amplification Capabilities of High-Turnover Gas Binding Hosts in Ultra-Sensitive NMR
(highlighted as cover article)
Chem. Sci., 6: 6069-6075 (2015) [doi: 10.1039/C5SC01400J]

Martin Kunth, Christopher Witte, Leif Schröder:
Continuous-wave Saturation Considerations for Efficient Xenon Depolarization
NMR Biomed, 28: 601-606 (2015) [doi: 10.1002/nbm.3307]

Christopher Witte, Vera Martos, Honor M. Rose, Stefan Reinke, Stefan Klippel, Leif Schröder, Christian P. R. Hackenberger:
Live-cell MRI of Xenon Hyper-CEST Biosensors Targeted to Metabolically-labeled Cell-surface Glycans
(highlighted as VIP and inside back cover article; recommended by F1000Prime)
Angew. Chem. Int. ed, 54: 2806-2810 (2015) [doi: 10.1002/anie.201410573]

Martin Kunth, Christopher Witte, Leif Schröder:
Quantitative Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer with Hyperpolarized Nuclei (qHyper-CEST): Sensing Xenon-Host Exchange Dynamics and Binding Affinities by NMR
J.Chem. Phys. 141, 194202 (2014) [doi: 10.1063/1.4901429]

Alexander Ziegler, Cornelius Faber, Susanne Mueller, Nina Nagelmann, Leif Schröder
MRIScans of Whole Sea Urchin Specimens
GigaScience 3: 21 (2014) [doi: 10.5524/100124]

Stefan Klippel, Christian Freund, Leif Schröder
Multi-Channel MRI Labeling of Mammalian Cells by Switchable Nanocarriers for Hyperpolarized Xenon
(highlighted as cover article)
Nano Lett., 14(10): 5721-5726 (2014) [doi: 10.1021/nl502498w]

Rahul Tyagi, Christopher Witte, Rainer Haag, and Leif Schröder
DendronizedCryptophanes as Water-Soluble Xenon Hosts for ^129XeMagnetic Resonance Imaging
Org. Lett., 16(17): 4436-4439 (2014) [doi: 10.1021/ol501951z]

Honor May Rose, Christopher Witte, Federica Rossella, Stefan Klippel, Christian Freund, Leif Schröder
Development of an Antibody-Based, Modular Biosensor for ^129XeNMR
of Cells at Nanomolar Concentrations
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 111(32): 11697-11702 (2014) [doi: 10.1073/pnas.1406797111]

Federica Rossella, Honor May Rose, Christopher Witte, Jabadurai Jayapaul, Leif Schröder
Design and Characterization of Two Bi-functional Cryptophane-A Based Host Molecules for Xenon-MRI Applications
ChemPlusChem, 79(10): 1463-1471 (2014) [doi: 10.1002/cplu.201402179]

Matthias Schnurr, Karl Sydow, Honor May Rose, Margitta Dathe, Leif Schröder
Brain Endothelial Cell Targeting via a Peptide-functionalized Liposomal Carrier for Xenon Hyper-CEST MRI
(highlighted as cover article)
Adv. Healthcare Mat, 4, 40-45 (2015) [doi: 10.1002/adhm201400224]

Jörg Döpfert, Moritz Zaiss, Christopher Witte, Leif Schröder:
Ultrafast CEST Imaging
J.Magn. Reson. 243: 47-53 (2014) [doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.03.008]

Christopher Witte, Martin Kunth, Federica Rossella, Leif Schröder:
Observing and Preventing Rubidium Runaway in a Direct-infusion Xenon-spin Hyperpolarizer Optimized for High-resolution Hyper-CEST NMR
J.Chem. Phys. 140: 084203 (2014) [doi: 10.1063/1.4865944]

Matthias Schnurr, Christopher Witte, Leif Schröder:
Depolarization Laplace Transform Analysis of Exchangeable Hyperpolarized ^129Xefor Detecting Ordering Phases and Cholesterol Content of Biomembrane Models
Biophys. J. 106: 1301- 1308 (2014) [doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.01.041]

Jörg Döpfert, Christopher Witte, Leif Schröder:
Fast Gradient-Encoded CEST Spectroscopy of Hyperpolarized Xenon
(highlighted as cover article)
ChemPhysChem 15: 261-264 (2014) [doi: 10.1002/cphc.201300888]

Jörg Döpfert, Christopher Witte, Martin Kunth, Leif Schröder:
Sensitivity Enhancement of (Hyper-)CEST Image Series by Exploiting Redundancies in the Spectral Domain
Contrast Media Mol. Imaging 9: 100 - 107 (2014) [doi: 10.1002/cmmi.1543]
[http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.1773]

Stefan Klippel, Jörg Döpfert, Jabadurai Jayapaul, Martin Kunth, Federica Rossella, Matthias Schnurr, Christopher Witte, Christian Freund, Leif Schröder:
Cell Tracking with Caged Xenon: Using Cryptophanes as MRI Reporters upon Cellular Internalization
(highlighted as back cover article)
Angew. Chem. Int. ed. 53: 493-496 (2014) [doi: 10.1002/anie.201307290]

Jörg Döpfert, Christopher Witte, Leif Schröder:
Slice-Selective Gradient-Encoded CEST Spectroscopy for Monitoring Dynamic Parameters and High-Throughput Sample Characterization
J.Magn. Reson. 237: 34-39 (2013) [doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.09.007]

Matthias Schnurr, Christopher Witte, Leif Schröder:
Functionalized ^129Xenonas a Potential Biosensor for Membrane Fluidity
(highlighted as inside front cover article)
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15(34): 14178-14181 (2013) [doi: 10.1039/C3CP51227D]

Jagoda Sloniec, Matthias Schnurr, Christopher Witte, Ute Resch-Genger, Leif Schröder, and Andreas Hennig:
Biomembrane Interactions of Functionalized Cryptophane-A: Combined Fluorescence and ^129XeNMR Studies of a Bimodal Contrast Agent
Chem. Eur. J. 19: 3110 - 3118 (2013) [doi: 10.1002/chem.201203773]

Christopher Witte, Leif Schröder:
NMR of hyperpolarized probes
NMR Biomed. 26: 788-802 (2013) [doi: 10.1002/nbm.2873]

Christopher Witte, Martin Kunth, Jörg Döpfert, Federica Rossella, Leif Schröder:
Hyperpolarized xenon for NMR and MRI applications
J.Vis. Exp. 67, e4268, (2012) [doi: 10.3791/4268]
see also this [link]

Martin Kunth, Jörg Döpfert, Christopher Witte, Federica Rossella, Leif Schröder:
Optimized use of reversible binding for fast and selective NMR localization of caged xenon (highlighted as hot paper, inside back cover article)
Angew. Chem. Int. ed. 51(33): 8217-8220 (2012) [doi: 10.1002/anie.201202481]

Alexander Ziegler, Leif Schröder, Malte Ogurreck, Cornelius Faber, Thomas Stach:
Evolution of a Novel Muscle Design in Sea Urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)
PLoS ONE 7(5): e37520 (2012) [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037520]

Leif Schröder:
Xenon for NMR biosensing - Inert but alert
Physica Medica - Eur. J. Med. Phys. 29(1): 3-16 (2013) [doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2011.11.001]

Alexander Ziegler, Martin Kunth, Susanne Mueller, Christian Bock, Rolf Pohmann, Leif Schröder, Cornelius Faber, Gonzalo Giribet:
Application of magnetic resonance imaging in zoology
Zoomorphology 130(4): 227-254 (2011) [doi: 10.1007/s00435-011-0138-8]

Leif Schröder, Cornelius Faber:
In vivo NMR Imaging - Basic contrast mechanisms
Methods Mol. Biol. 771: 45-67 (2011) [doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-219-9_3]

Franz Schilling, Leif Schröder, Krishnan K. Palaniappan, Sina Zapf, David E. Wemmer, Alexander Pines:
MRIthermometry based on encapsulated hyperpolarized xenon (cover article)
ChemPhysChem. 11: 3529-3533 (2010) [doi: 10.1002/cphc.201000507]

Tyler Meldrum, Leif Schröder, Phillipp Denger, David E. Wemmer, Alexander Pines:
Xenon-based molecular sensors in lipid suspensions (cover article)
J.Magn. Reson. 205(2): 242-246 (2010) [doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.05.005]

Leif Schröder:
Xenon biosensors for multi-purpose molecular imaging
IFMBE Proc. 25(13): 176-179 (2010) [doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-03895-2_51]

Marc-André Weber, Wulf Hildebrandt, Leif Schröder, Ralf Kinscherf, Martin Krix, Peter Bachert, Stefan Delorme, Marco Essig, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Holger Krakowski-Roosen:
Concentric resistance training increases muscle strength without affecting microcirculation
Europ. J. Radiol. 73: 614-621 (2010) [doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.12.002]

Marc-André Weber, Holger Krakowski-Roosen, Leif Schröder, Ralf Kinscherf, Martin Krix, Anette Kopp-Schneider, Marco Essig, Peter Bachert, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Wulf Hildebrandt:
Morphology, metabolism, microcirculation, and strength of skeletal muscles in cancer-related cachexia
Acta Oncol. 48: 116-124 (2009) [doi: 10.1080/02841860802130001]

Leif Schröder, Tyler Meldrum, Monica Smith, Thomas J. Lowery, David E. Wemmer, Alexander Pines:
Temperature response of ^129Xedepolarization transfer and its application for ultra-sensitive NMR detection
Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(25): 257603 (2008) [doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.257603]

Leif Schröder, Lana Chavez, Tyler Meldrum, Monica Smith, Thomas J. Lowery, David E. Wemmer, Alexander Pines:
Temperature-controlled molecular depolarization gates in nuclear magnetic resonance (frontispiece article)
Angew. Chem. Int. ed. 47: 4316-4320 (2008) [doi: 10.1002/anie.200800382]

Elad Harel, Leif Schröder, Shoujun Xu:
Novel detection schemes of nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging: applications from analytical chemistry to molecular sensors
Ann. Rev. Anal. Chem. 1: 133-163 (2008) [doi: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113018]

Leif Schröder, Christian HJ Schmitz, Peter Bachert:
Carnosine as molecular probe for sensitive detection of Cu(II) ions using localized ^1HNMR spectroscopy
J.Inorg. Biochem. 102: 174-183 (2008) [doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.07.033]

Marc-André Weber, Holger Krakowski-Roosen, Wulf Hildebrandt, Leif Schröder, Ingrid Ionescu, Martin Krix, Ralf Kinscherf, Peter Bachert, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Marco Essig:
Assessment of metabolism and microcirculation of healthy skeletal muscles by magnetic resonance and ultrasound techniques
J. of Neuroimaging 17(4): 323-331 (2007) [doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2007.00156.x]

Leif Schröder:
Xenon in a cage for cancer diagnosis (in German)
Spektrum der Wissenschaft April 2007: 16-19 [pdf link]

Leif Schröder:
Hyperfine structure analysis in magnetic resonance spectroscopy: From astrophysical measurements towards endogenous biosensors in human tissue (in German)
Z.Med. Phys. 17(2): 94-107 (2007) [doi: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2006.10.008]

Leif Schröder, Thomas J. Lowery, Christian Hilty, David E. Wemmer, Alexander Pines:
Molecular imaging using a hyperpolarized xenon biosensor (highlighted paper)
Science 314: 446-449 (2006) [doi: 10.1126/science.1131847]

Leif Schröder, Marc-André Weber, Marco Ulrich, Jens U. Regula:
Metabolic Imaging of atrophic muscle tissue using appropriate markers in ^1Hand ^31PNMR spectroscopy
Neuroradiology 48(11): 809-816 (2006) [doi: 10.1007/s00234-006-0121-0]

Leif Schröder, Christian Schmitz, Peter Bachert:
Cumulative "roof effect" in high resolution in vivo ^31PNMR spectra of human calf muscle and the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients of ATP at 1.5 T
J.Magn. Reson. 174: 68-77 (2005) [doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2005.01.011]

Leif Schröder, Christian Schmitz, Peter Bachert:
Phase modulation dipolar-coupled_A2 spin systems: Effect of maximum state mixing in ^1HNMR in vivo
J.Magn. Reson. 171: 213-224 (2004) [doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.08.016] 

Leif Schröder, Christian Schmitz, Peter Bachert:
Molecular dynamics and information on possible sites of interaction of intramyocellular metabolites
in vivo from resolved dipolar couplings in localized ^1HMR spectra
J. Magn. Reson. 171: 207-212 (2004) [doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.08.015] 

Peter Bachert, Leif Schröder:
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Part 1: Basics (in German)
Radiologe 43: 1113-1128 (2003) [doi: 10.1007/s00117-003-0997-1]

Leif Schröder, Peter Bachert:
Evidence for a dipolar-coupled AM system in carnosine in human calf muscle from in vivo ^1HNMR spectroscopy
J.Magn. Reson. 164: 256-269 (2003) [doi:10.1016/S1090-7807(03)002]