Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Magnetic resonance imaging - the most modern imaging method without X-rays
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) enables the body to be imaged without X-rays. An MR tomograph consists of a superconducting magnet and a high-frequency system - similar to a radio transmitter and receiver. The selected magnetic field strength and high frequencies are harmless to the human body. Imaging is based on the alignment of the body's atomic nuclei in the strong magnetic field. The high-frequency system applies a pulse to the nuclei, which deflects them out of alignment. When they "fold back", these atoms send back energy waves of certain frequencies, which can be measured and converted into images.
The following MRI devices are available at the DKFZ:
1.5 Tesla Symphony (Siemens)
1.5 Tesla Aera (Siemens) - latest 1.5 Tesla generation
3.0 Tesla Prisma (Siemens) - latest 3 Tesla generation
3.0 Tesla MR/PET hybrid system (mrBiograph, Siemens)
7.0 Tesla high-field magnetic resonance imaging (Siemens) - currently only approved for study purposes
Before an MRI examination, the following must be taken into account...
1. that the magnetic field and radio frequency used are dangerous under certain circumstances, as metallic objects can be attracted by the magnet or destroyed by the radio wave. MRI examinations are not possible for patients with certain implants in particular. These include pacemakers, implanted cardioverter defibrillators, electronic implants (spinal cord stimulator, cochlear implant and similar), magnetically activatable implants (implanted insulin pump or drug infusion pump and similar), non-MRI-compatible prostheses/implants, metal splinters or metallic foreign bodies.
2. that metal parts that enter the magnetic field can lead to injuries and image artifacts. Therefore, all metal or magnetic objects should be removed before the examination. These include wristwatches, glasses, keys, (piercing) jewelry, hairpins/barrettes, wallets, loose coins in pockets, credit cards (magnetic strip is deleted and card becomes unusable!), metal parts of clothing (belts, zippers, metal buttons, fasteners, e.g. on bras), removable dentures, braces, hearing aids and acupuncture needles.
3. that there is no severe renal insufficiency.
4. that a sedative can be administered before the examination in case of severe claustrophobia.
During an MRI examination, attention must be paid to...
There is a 60-80 cm opening in the tubular magnet into which the patient couch can be moved. During the examination, you will hear loud knocking noises caused by the electromagnetic circuits (gradients). These noises are completely normal and vary in volume depending on the area being examined and the technique used. If necessary, you will be given earplugs or headphones.
It is important to remain still during the examination so that no image disturbances are caused. Depending on the procedure, you may have to follow breathing commands or be given an ECG so that the images can be taken at the same time.
On average, the examination takes between 30-50 minutes. Up to several hundred images are taken.
After an MRI examination, it must be noted...
1. that if you have received a sedative injection, you should not drive or work on dangerous machinery for 24 hours. You should therefore arrange to be picked up after a sedative injection.
2. that the indwelling venous access should initially remain in the arm during a further examination at the DKFZ (e.g. MRI).